I hit another minor but infuriating snag in my plan to unify the network, though this one was all Apple. It's another case of Apple making serious changes to the way you're supposed to set your server and clients and never really trumpeting much about it. Seems everything I used to do with my server and clients is done either slightly — or in some cases radically — differently in Tiger than it was in Panther. I must admit, I never checked the manuals on this, but something as simple setting up AFP networked home accounts has become a much more complex process in Tiger than it ever was in Panther, and it took me quite a while to figure out what I had to do to make it work like it did in the Panther glory days.
Now, to remind, we don't really use AFP networked home accounts for most users. Our users' home accounts live on an NFS server — a separate machine from our authentication server — which is auto-mounted on each client at boot. The only value the authentication server stores for most users' home accounts is where those home accounts can be found on the client machines, which in our case is /home. So I haven't had to worry too much about AFP network home accounts. Until last week.
There is one exception to the above standard. Certain Macromedia products do not function properly when the user's home account is located on our NFS server, for some reason. In particular, Flash is unable to read the publishing templates, effectively disabling HTML publishing from the app. This has been a long term problem and has affected every version of Flash since we moved to our NFS home account server almost three years ago. Our solution has been to create a special user — the FlashUser — whose home account lives in an AFP network home account. When people need to work with Flash, they are encouraged to use this FlashUser account so that they can use the publishing features. This is inconvenient, but it works and we're used to it, so we keep doing it until we find a better solution. Unfortunately, when I built my master authentication server (actually, when I rebuilt it) I forgot to add the FlashUser. The teacher of the Flash class eventually came to my office and asked about the account, and I told him it should just take a minute or two to get it set up. Boy was I wrong.
The FlashUser account was always a simple AFP network user account. The user's account information and actual home account data were both stored on the same server, the data shared via an AFP share point, and configured in Workgroup Manager's "Sharing" pane as an auto-mounted home folder. According to this article guest access must be enabled on the AFP share to auto-mount. Well, that's new in 10.4, and I had no idea. And beyond that, I think it sucks. Why should guest access be enabled on a home account share point? This didn't used to be the case, and it seems way less secure to me in that by doing this you open the entire AFP home account share to unauthenticated access. Bad. Why in the hell would they change this? Not only is it less secure, but it breaks with tradition in ways that could (and in my cases did) cause serious headaches for admins setting up AFP networks home accounts.
Fortunately, after many hours of trial and error, I discovered a way to accomplish the same thing without enabling guest access on the share. It is possible, but it's quite a pain. Nevertheless, it's what I did.
Guest access can be foregone if trusted directory binding is set up between the client and the computer (which still makes no sense to me. You either have to go totally insecure, or set up an insanely secure system. Seems like we could skip the trusted binding thing if you'd just let us set up the shares sans guest access like we used to do.) Trusted binding is a bit of a pain to set up in that, as far as I know at this point, the only way to set it up is to go to every machine, log in, and run the Directory Access application. Apple really, really, really needs to give us admins some command-line tools for controlling DA. The current set is paltry at best, though I do need to look and see if there is one for setting up client-server binding (there might be, in fact it might be called dsconfigladp though this tool can not be used for setting authentication sources, for some ungodly reason, and I have yet to try it for the purposes of directory binding). But before you set up your clients, you must be sure "Enable Directory Binding" on your server is checked in the Server Admin application. By default it's not. And, at least in my case, after enabling directory binding, I had to restart my server. Fun stuff. Also, I'm fairly certain this requires a properly functioning Kerberos setup on the server, so if you're just starting out, be sure to get Kerberos running right.
Directory Access: Enable Directory Binding
(click image for larger view)Next you need to go to your client machines one by one and bind them to the server. If you've already joined your clients to a server for authentication, you can simply navigate to the server configuration in DA, click "Edit..." to edit it, and you'll be presented with a "Bind..." button that will walk you through the process. If you haven't yet joined a client you will be asked to set up trusted directory binding when you do. From there you need to enter the hostname of the client machine, the name of a directory administrator on your server, and that user's password. In my case, I needed to also reboot the client machine. Like I said, kind of a pain.
Directory Access: Configure LDAP
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Directory Access: Edit Server Config
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Directory Access: Hit "Bind..." to Set Up Trusted Directory Binding
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But that's it. You're done. (Well, 25 computers later, that is.) I now have my F
lashUser set up again, and auto-mounting its home account in the usual way (none of that "Guest Access" shit), albeit with considerably more effort than it took in Panther. This is, in my opinion, just one more reason to hate Tiger, which I generally do, as long-term readers are well aware. It's another case in which Tiger has gotten harder and more complicated to use and set up, with no apparent advantage, or at least no immediate one.
I can only hope this is going somewhere good, because from my perspective the basic things I've come to rely on in both Mac OS X Server and Client (can you say "search by name?") have gotten harder to do in Tiger. Significantly harder. And that's too bad, 'cause that's just not what I'm looking for from Apple products. If I wanted something difficult to use, I'd switch to Linux. (I'd never switch to Windows.) And if Apple software continues along its current trajectory — the Tiger trend towards a more difficult OS — and Linux software continues along its current trend towards easier software, you may see more Linux switchers than ever. Apple's draw is ease-of-use. The more they move away from that idea in the implementation of their software, the less appealing they become, to me personally, as a computing platform, and the less distinguishable they become from their competitors.
But for now, I'm sticking by my favorite computer platform. Panther was an amazing OS — it truly "just worked". It's kind of sad that Tiger has been the OS that's made start considering, however peripherally, other options. Here's hoping they do better with Leopard.
BTW, here are a couple more links of interest regarding the topic of AFP newtork home accounts in Tiger. I don't have time to read them right now, but they may prove interesting at some point.
Creating a Home Directory for a Local User at a Server
Creating a Custom Home Directory
Automatically Mounting Share Points for Clients
Setting Up an Automountable AFP Share Point for Home Directories
UPDATE:
A fellow SysAdmin and blogger, Nigel, from mind the explanatory gap (one of my systems faves) has some beefs with this article, and shares some of his own experiences which are quite contrary to what I've reported. Just to be clear, this article reflects my own experiences, and there's a bit more to my own scenario than I shared in the article, mainly because I didn't think the details were important. They may be, and I discuss it at greater length in my response to Nigel's comment. Thanks, Nigel, for keeping me on my toes on this one.
I'm not really sure what's going on here, but if I get to the bottom of it, I'll certainly report about it, either here or in a follow up post. But please read the comments for the full story, as there's really a lot missing in the article, and things start to get clearer in the comments.
